Guillain-Barre Syndrome cases surge in Pune: Know its causes, symptoms and more

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), a rare but serious neurological disorder, has seen an alarming surge in Pune, with over 100 cases identified. A suspected death linked to GBS has also been reported in Solapur, raising concerns across the region. Health experts are urging the public to understand the causes, symptoms, and preventive measures to mitigate the outbreak's impact.

GBS is not contagious but is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its nerves. This leads to symptoms like weakness, tingling, or numbness starting in the legs and progressing to the upper body. Severe cases can result in paralysis, difficulty breathing, or loss of bladder and bowel control. Other symptoms may include unsteady walking, abnormal heart rates, and difficulty with facial movements, such as speaking or swallowing. Immediate medical attention is crucial as symptoms can develop within hours to weeks.

The current outbreak is believed to be linked to infections caused by Campylobacter jejuni, a bacterium commonly found in contaminated food and water. Dr. Pradyumna Oak, Director of Neurology at Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital, explained, “The exact reason for the outbreak is yet to be determined, but considering the number of cases, it may be a food or waterborne infection like Campylobacter jejuni.” He added that GBS could occur after respiratory or gastrointestinal infections but does not spread from person to person.

Campylobacter jejuni infections are primarily caused by consuming undercooked or raw poultry, unpasteurized milk, untreated water, or improperly stored food. Cross-contamination during food preparation, such as using the same cutting board for raw and cooked food, and poor hygiene, like not washing hands, significantly increase the risk. Once ingested, the bacteria infect the intestinal lining, causing diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and nausea.

Dr. Priyanka Sehrawat from AIIMS Delhi emphasized preventive measures in her recent Instagram video. She advised against consuming outside food, especially paneer, rice, and cheese, which are more prone to bacterial growth. These foods have high moisture content, making them ideal for bacteria like Campylobacter jejuni to thrive if not stored or cooked properly. Improperly stored dairy products can also harbor pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli, while cooked rice left at room temperature can develop toxins from Bacillus cereus.

To reduce the risk, experts recommend avoiding contaminated food and water, practicing good hygiene, and ensuring proper storage and preparation of food. As Dr. Sehrawat noted, early treatment within two weeks is vital for better outcomes. While the outbreak is concerning, public awareness and timely action can help control the spread of this disease.