First Bharat Ratna receipient was...was given on recommendation of…

The Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, was established on January 2, 1954, by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the then President of India, based on a resolution introduced by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. It recognizes exceptional service or achievements of the highest order in any field of human endeavor. Originally, the award was limited to contributions in arts, literature, science, and public services, but in 2011, its scope was expanded to include excellence in any field.

Anyone, regardless of race, occupation, position, or gender, is eligible to receive the Bharat Ratna. Recommendations for the award are made by the Prime Minister directly to the President. Interestingly, no formal nomination process is required. However, the award is limited to a maximum of three recipients in a single year.

The award comes with a certificate, called a Sanad, signed by the President of India, and a medallion shaped like a peepal leaf. Designed by renowned artist Nandalal Bose, the medallion is made of bronze and features an image of the Sun on the front, along with the words "Bharat Ratna" written in Devanagari script. The reverse side bears the State Emblem of India and the national motto, “Satyameva Jayate.” The medallion hangs from a white ribbon and is worn around the neck. Notably, the award does not carry any monetary prize.

According to Article 18(1) of the Indian Constitution, recipients cannot use the award title as a prefix or suffix to their names. However, they can mention being a recipient in their biodata or official documents.

The first Bharat Ratna awards were presented in 1954 to three distinguished individuals: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, a statesman and freedom fighter; Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, an eminent philosopher and educator; and Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, a celebrated physicist. Since its inception, the award has been conferred on 49 individuals, including 15 posthumously. It continues to symbolize India’s highest recognition of excellence and contribution to society.